PSC Computer Exam Support - What is Central processing unit (CPU)? What is Microprocessor & Functions of Processor in CPU? Explain

Central processing unit (CPU)

The CPU is the electronic brain of the computer. The input and output device may vary for different applications, but there is only one CPU for a particular computer. Processor organizes and carries out processing instructions (execute program instructions). In pc, the processor usually consists of one or more microprocessor, which are silver or silicon or other material etched with tiny electronics circuits. 

Microprocessor is connected to the circuit board called motherboard. The central processing unit of a computer consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a control unit © and memory. If all these components can be organized on single silicon chip by means of LSI (Large Scale Integration), VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) or ELSI (Extra Large Scale Integration) technology. Then such a structure (chip) is called microprocessor.

• Microprocessor is solid state device
• Capable of performing logical operations
• Capable of performing arithmetical operations
• Microprocessor consists of millions of transistor
• Microprocessor is invented by Marcian E huff
• The first four bit microprocessor built by the Intel Corporation was called 4004 in 1971.

Function of Processor in CPU

The functions of processor or CPU are as follows:

• CPU controls the use of main storage to store data and instructions.
• CPU can perform arithmetical and logical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical comparison.
• CPU controls the sequence of operations.
• CPU gives commands to all parts of computer system.
• To read, interprets and processes the information and instruction.
• The storage locations in the internal storage of a CPU are called address.
• CPU carries out processing.
• CPU speed of personal computer is 100 KIPS.
• The address that generated by CPU is called logical address.
• The word size is the number of bits that a CPU can process at a time.
• The time required for fetching and execution of one simple machine instructions is called CPU cycle.
• The two main feature of CPU are its speed measured in millions of instruction per second (MIPS) and the word size.
• A processor speed measure in gigahertz (GHz), where 1 GHz = 1000 MHz.
• The clock speed is measure in MHz.
• It speeds measure in millions of instructions per second (MIPS).
• The CPU chip used in computer is made up of from silica.
• Computers add and compare data on CPU chip.
• Two main components of CPU are control unit and arithmetical and logical unit (ALU).
• It is called electronic brain of computer.

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